Premarital Sex Essay

Premarital  sex  is  something  which  almost  everyone  knows  about. Some  proudly  proclaims that they engage in  while others do it  secretly. However, there are  still some who do it but are unaware of such term. Different people view it differently: for some it’s acceptable  while  for  some  it’s  a  big  sin. At  present,  there  is  n  increasing  amount  of  discussions in newspaper and magazines in which various things attributed to premarital sex are discussed. It is said that the  Philippines is facing this persistent challenge about premarital intercourse. Since sex is involved, this is certain to produce a number of strong reactions. Nevertheless, it is important to be careful in making such reactions. Sex is an intimate act between individuals which includes genital contact ( Baumer  and South, 2001). Accordingly, it was designed for married couples to enjoy, hence the famous quote: â€Å"True love waits until marriage. † The norms of Philippine society say that it is not normal or it is immoral to engage in premarital sex, but despite this, people just cannot wait until they get wedded. This accounts for the prevalence of premarital sex in the country. At present, one can say that it’s normal to know people who had sex already. But what’s alarming is the rapid growth of the number of people who had sex before marriage . Different researches show the rise of this number. In the last century, only a few, if not zero, gave themselves to premarital sex. This information if compared to present data would give an  overwhelming  difference. Statistics  in 2008  showed that  premarital sex  was prevalent in30% of  the Filipinos. This figured is  actually small  when compared to  western countries. In the USA, 75% of the women would say that they already experienced premarital sex when they  reached  the  age  of  nineteen. However,  it  would  not  seem  right  to  compare  a  less developed country like the Philippines to far way more urbanized and liberal countries in the west. The figure 30% is, in fact, a very high number, taking to account the nature of Filipinos. Nevertheless, these data only show that attitudes towards sex have changed dramatically over  the past years

Computers in education Essay

Computers have rapidly become one of the most vital parts of our civilization today. Computerized applications have set no limits in technological innovations. As a result, the human history has drastically changed since the revolutionary invention of computer. In December 1943, the first electric programmable computer, the Colossus, was introduced. Since then, computers not only have propelled innumerate industries to unquestionable success, but also created new industry like Information Technology. Computer-based instruction is becoming more prevalent in secondary education in the United States. Using computers to deliver instruction can help to correct inequities in educational opportunities that exist due to race/ethnicity, budget constraints, geographical location, income, school size, and substandard teaching (Carroll, 2000). There is no doubt that most up-to-date technological features cannot be fully appreciated, if future generations do not adapt and learn the technology. Future generation’s early adaptation in use of computers is extremely essential for further progress of technology; the computer’s constant technological advancements provide more extensive learning resources through multi web referencing tools and enhance students’ understanding by user friendly integrated programs. As of the traditional teaching process, using blackboard to present materials has been time consuming. Especially when the teacher’s back obscures what is being written on the blackboard, lack of attention from students automatically increase. Arguably, excessive usage of the blackboard in teaching limits the way of conveying materials in creative manner. For example, writing on a blackboard provides an inflexible presentation with few colors and styles, as well as difficulties in displaying pictures or multimedia content. On the other hand, â€Å"with the right software, they could help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like art and music. They help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying onscreen version of the city which they live.† (Gelernter 278) Another disadvantage of using a blackboard is that once the information written on the board is erased, it cannot be reproduced, or interchanged. Consequently, students have to make notes or copy the material from the blackboard, all of which is inconvenient (Apperson, Laws, & Scepansky, 2008). By implementing computers in classrooms, class times lost in taking notes will be allocated more efficiently, and perhaps, portions of saved class times can be utilized for other small educational activities. According to William R. Thomas, Director of Educational Technology for the Southern Regional Education Board, â€Å"virtual high schooling is no longer a marginal educational activity. It is rapidly becoming a mainstream component of secondary education in the United States. For example, there are now over 19,000 virtual high school students in the state of Florida. In 1998 there were fewer than 1,000.† The study vividly shows the positive impact that computer implementation had on virtual schooling over the last decade. The main factor for such success was largely due to students’ access to the internet. Physically handicapped students and temporarily disabled students now have the benefit of utilizing online education for their convenience. The Internet has â€Å"won† the technology struggle for primacy in education (Carroll, 2000). The Internet alone has completely altered the way in which students research information, facilitated distance education, and led to an increase in the spread of ideas (Diodato, 2007). World-widely shared information database has brought abundant educational resources to students. Computers in education can unload heavily burdened shoulders of college students, using the recent tablet technology. Students for instance Apple’s Cyber-safety is defined as the safe and responsible use of information and communication technologies (Balfour, 2005; Beach, 2007), including protection against unsolicited marketing and advertising (Frechette, 2005). Cyber-safety teaches children about the positive and negative aspects of ICT (Livingstone & Haddon, 2009), safeguarding against individuals who operate websites, attempt to contact children online, or to organize unsupervised meetings in person with children (Grey, 77). Cyber-safety education also involves guidance on cyber-ethics to form a responsible attitude to the use of ICT (Berson & Berson, 2004). Educating young children about cyber-safety is complicated, as young children often do not understand the social and technical complexity of the internet (Yan, 2006). Child protection programs are successful if children’s developmental level and cognitive abilities are considered, if abstract terms are avoided, and clear rules are repeated often so children retain the information (Sanderson, 2004) â€Å"Mobile technology customizes the learning experience to better fit students’ preferred mode, media, and pace of learning. It helps students connect with courses, content, and each other. It helps share insight on academic progress between teachers, students, and parents, and allows students to create content for assignments directly from devices and more.† (Etter, 2011) Technological literate people would possess knowledge, ways of thinking and acting, and capabilities that assist them as they interact with the technology found in their environments (Pearson & Young, 2002). Works Cited Apperson, J. M., Laws, E. L., & Scepansky, J. A. (2008). An assessment of studentpreferences for PowerPoint presentation structure in undergraduate courses. Computers & Education, 50(1), 148–153 Blaylock, T. Hendon, and Joseph W. Newman. â€Å"The impact of computer-based secondaryeducation.† Education 125.3 (2005): 373+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Balfour, C. (2005). A journey of social change: Turning government digital strategy into cybersafe local school practice. Paper presented at the Safety & Security in a Networked World: Balancing Cyber-rights & Responsibilities conference, Oxford, UK Beach, R. (2007). New Zealand’s first steps to cybersafety. Paper presented at the Early Childhood Convention, Rotorua, NZ Carroll, T.G. (2000). If we didn’t have the schools we have today, would we create theschools we have today? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 1(1), 117-140. Diodato, Michael. â€Å"Innovative age: technology for education in the developing world.†Harvard International Review 28.4 (2007): 38+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Etter, Ryan. â€Å"VISIONS OF MOBILE LEARNING. (Cover Story).† T H E Journal 38.9 (2011): 28-34. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. Frechette, J. (2005). Cyber-democracy or cyber-hegemony? Exploring the political and economic structures of the internet as an alternative source of information. Library Trends, 53(4), pp. 555-575 Gelernter, David. â€Å"Unplugged: The Myth of Computers in the Classroom†. The McGraw-Hill Reader 11th edi. Ed.Gilbert Muller. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011. 278-280 Grey, Anne. â€Å"Cybersafety In Early Childhood Education.† Australasian Journal Of Early Childhood 36.2 (2011): 77-81. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Mar. 2012 Livingstone, S., & Haddon, L. (2009). EU Kids Online: Final report. LSE, London: EUKids Online (EC Safer Internet Plus Programme Deliverable D6.5) Pearson, G., & Young, A.T. (2002). Technically speaking: Why all Americans need to know more about technology. Washington, DC: National Academies Press Sanderson, J. (2004). Child-focused sexual abuse prevention programs: How effective are they in preventing child abuse? Research & Issues Paper Series, 5, June 2004 Yan, Z. (2006). What influences children’s and adolescents’ understanding of the complexity of the internet? Developmental Psychology, 42(3), pp. 418–428.

Personal Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Development - Essay Example In addition, some level of qualitative research will be conducted to determine real-life attitudes of currently-practicing nurses and administration (where appropriate) to determine what credentials or habits would be best-suited to an administrative nursing role. I believe these practices will enhance my knowledge of the nursing profession by being able to link theoretical nursing theory with tangible practice dynamics. As part of my vision for excellence in holistic nursing practice, servant leadership and transformational leadership will be critical to becoming a well-rounded nursing professional able to take a solid leadership position in a dynamic health environment. Servant leadership demands having a focus on others, providing empathetic and benevolence toward others while still developing my own professional competencies (Farazmand et al., 2010). Servant leadership demands being altruistic in virtually dimensions of practice, creating a global perspective that recognizes dive rsity of culture and non-biased servitude for a variety of different patients and professionals. Transformational leadership is also critical for becoming a Chief Nursing Officer as this requires the ability to establish followership, team performance and loyalty from subordinates. Fairholm (2009) describes transformational leadership as being inspirational, while setting a vision for team practice, and then routinely conveying this vision through role modeling and constant communication with team members. Transformational leadership requires the nurse to be a teacher and coach, helping others to develop their own competencies and, ultimately, self-actualization at the psychological level. Transformational leadership provides local-level leadership within the microeconomic health care environment. I must also be considerate of my own personal needs as a professional in this field. I have conducted several self-analyses regarding my preferred learning styles, personality type and lea dership characteristics. These assessments and evaluations have returned very consistent results that indicate I am well-suited for a servant leadership role, maintaining considerable empathetic characteristics and high emotional intelligence. An effective leader in a highly-visible nursing role in administration must be able to gauge the emotional states and needs of their followers and patients in order to provide effective care. At the same time, I must be equipped to regulate my own emotional responses in professional meeting environments, when dealing with disheartening patient scenarios, and when working with diverse cultural representatives. Personal satisfaction will come by finally being self-actualized in relation to my very legitimate desire to assist others in need. Personal satisfaction will also be achieved by having a dominant role in the organization, which tends to suit many of my personality characteristics. Based on honest self-assessment and the results of many d ifferent evaluation tests, I have many dominant characteristics when it comes to leadership, both socially and professionally. I am very self-confident about my abilities and my problem-solving competencies and therefore I trust in my

Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Assignment

Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Renaissance - Assignment Example The essay "Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Renaissance" concerns Lamentation's Scene for Jesus in the context of Renaissance. Several particular features give hint on the fact that this picture can be attributed to Northern Renaissance. The material and the type of canvas are among the most obvious. Oil on panel was commonly used by Northern artists as it permitted to preserve brightness of colors for a long time. The painting is very detailed and vivid with elaborated landscape. Apparently, the author underlines human`s side of Jesus Christ showing his tortured body and concentrating on the minor details of it. Ribs that got visible through skin because of starving, injuries that bleed, closed eyes of a dead man- there is no presence of God on this picture as the author tells us that Christ was suffering as much as we did. Despair, sympathy and sorrow can be read on the faces of Christ`s followers who came to him. Nothing on the picture suggests that C hrist will resurrect as he is portrayed as an ordinary human being who was suffering enormously. Massys does not concentrate nature in his painting, for him it is still the man and his suffering which matters the most but still the city o the background and the crosses thought-out ad realistic. Northern and Southern painting styles were different due to numerous reasons: they appeared in different geographical regions and were formed under the influence of different sources. Northern style was originated on the territory.

Ethnic studies research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethnic studies - Research Paper Example When groups decided to change the schooling system for African – Americans, it took an entire group going to the school and pushing the children in the school for admittance. These types of actions began to change the mentality of those that were in the movement (Chong, 5). Comment: The African – American relationship to collective activism is one which was reflective of society and the changes which were being made at a grassroots level. It was the group initiatives that show the main changes made within society. Answer: The Mexican – American movement showed unified identity of Chicanos, but based the movement specifically on unifying working positions and moving outside of second class citizenship. Explain: Mexican – Americans were interested in gaining higher status and in showing that, while ethnicity may be different and diverse, they were also American with the culture that had been adapted. Support: The activism led to not only basic rights, but al so was linked to the class differences which were determined by race. The Mexican – Americans were typically migrants from a different country, which led to the inequality and lack of rights. Second class citizenship of Mexican – American citizens was the mentality, as opposed to the defined and sanctioned segregation of African – Americans. ... Comment: The concept of second class citizens unifying and using activism for change is the main point and shows how this relationship began to change the Civil Rights movement for Mexican – Americans. 2. Method: Answer: The methods of mobilization that were used to fulfill the Asian – American Civil Rights movements were inclusive of institutions first that led to a change in social stigma. Explain: Asian – Americans used resources in the community, such as schools, higher education, court systems and other valuable areas to show that they had the same capabilities as other Americans and were not recognized. Support: The Asian – Americans moved into institutions first to show their identity, such as schools, businesses and other areas. There was then a challenge within the community to show that all had the same potential within the community. After this, the society was able to accept the change with public opinions and moved into various applications to change policies that were based on second – class citizenship. The pressure from the community was created first from relating to the top resources in the country and changing policies as a result (Espiritu, 92). Comment: This resource shows that the concept of showing that Asian – Americans weren’t second – class citizens was done by showing that all were able to tap into and use the same resources while setting examples within society. Answer: The Native American movement used the approach of resources and unification of the tribes throughout America to gain rights that had before been taken away. Explain: Connecting to other tribes and initiating new components that were requested in the United States included changing the social status and connecting to the Civil Rights movement to show

Lennin, Karl Marx and Hannah Ardent on Revolution, what was revolution Research Paper

Lennin, Karl Marx and Hannah Ardent on Revolution, what was revolution - Research Paper Example For a Marxist, if the bourgeoisie remain in power this negates any procedural facade of a revolution. For a liberal democrat, the survival of factions from the old nomenclature deflates the democratic revolution. However, on closer inspection there is not a single set of characteristics that will serve to unite all around a common conception. This thesis tends to enquire Marx, Lenin and Arendt’s views on revolution in order to seek a plausible conclusion. Karl Marx described revolutions as the locomotives of history. He argued that feudalism, capitalism and socialism, as new modes of production, were generated within the precincts of the existing one. Revolutions were caused by the development of a contradiction between the social forces and the social relations of production, with the latter acting as restrains upon the former. This expressed itself in the escalation of class conflict, steering in what Marx called the epoch of social revolution. Each revolutionary class devel oped awareness of itself through economic and political struggles against the existing dominant class. The result would be the emergence of new relations of production and their accompanying ideological forms, and the eventual establishment of  supremacy. ... In due course of time Marxist theory faced real tests as its prophecy of eventual dismal condition of working class before revolution was seriously challenged by better/improved life styles of working class in capitalist states. Lenin. Vladimir Ul'yanov came from a provincial middle class family of Russia. Soon after his father's death in 1886 Lenin's elder Brother Alexander was hanged for participating in a plot by a revolutionary  populist  group to assassinate Alexander III. This event made a deep impression on the younger Lenin and, after passing his final school exams with distinction, he too joined a populist group when he began studying at  Kazan University. He was deeply influenced by Marxism during his student life. In 1902, Lenin published his  pamphlet  what is to be done, in which he argued that a successful revolutionary party in Russian conditions had to be a highly centralized and conspiratorial organization of professional revolutionaries to be an effective vanguard of the workers. In his work  Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution  he argued that the workers would have to take a leading role in the  bourgeois  revolution, co-operating with revolutionary elements in the peasantry. This latter point was unusual in Marxist thinking, perhaps showing underlying populist influence on Lenin. In  Imperialism, he argued that the capitalist powers were driven into territorial imperialism by capital export and used the super-profits derived from colonial exploitation. Lazarus points out that â€Å"Revolution†¦ belongs as a category to the historicism that is fuelled by defunct socialism and parliamentarianism,† because, â€Å"historicism keeps a place

The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle is ill suited for the Essay

The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle is ill suited for the international legal system and must be abolished - Essay Example The R2P principle required the states to have the first priority in the protection of its citizens but failure to the concerned state to meet to the needs of its citizens, the international community will have the obligation to intervene. The international community would not wait and watch as it had the responsibility to preserve international peace, but not to enforce the laws of the concerned countries.2 However, the mandate of the principle has been exploited through interpretation of its tenets and through the application by humanitarian countries who intrude on the sovereignty of affected states leading to abuse. As such, it is imperative to note that the R2P principle is ill suited for the international legal system and must be abolished. The R2P principle gives consent to the international community to undertake humanitarian intervention with the aim of maintaining peace. However, narrowing down the concept of intervention implies that the international community can get involved in the internal affairs of a country without the consent of the affected country. That is clearly a violation of state sovereignty, which is in most times accompanied by military force.3 Furthermore, such form of intervention results in violations of fundamental human rights. When military forces from outside the boundaries of the country are involved in peace keeping mission without an obligation to enforce the law, the state of lawlessness is likely to result in a huge number of casualties and fatalities in case of combat.4 The UN Charter 2(4) holds ‘protection of human rights’ as its core purpose but then goes ahead to claim that any state can use force â€Å"in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations†.5 This shows a problem in the interpretation of the mandate of R2P principle given the application of â€Å"force for good† theory. This interpretation is against territorial

A Paper On Barack Obama's Speech in Cairo Essay

A Paper On Barack Obama's Speech in Cairo - Essay Example Women’s rights All these issues are the main culprit in molding the world in its current state of disarray. It is understandable that all of them should be focused to obtain long term stability in our world. But in my point of view, one issue among these stands apart and is most important in the current era. That’s the issue of nuclear weapons and its associated conflict with Iran. Now why it is so important to address this issue is because it is the only problem if not forethought can lead to immediate destruction on a massive scale. It is not a matter of one country, race of nuclear weapon if initiated will put the whole mankind on the brink of extinction. Unfortunately with today’s technology the war will not last long. When nuclear weapons were initially developed they were destructive but now with the introduction of hydrogen bomb and anti matter technology they are devastating. If initiated it will lead to annihilation of our beautiful planet. Therefore, it should be our foremost responsibility to address this issue very seriously. What Barack Obama said? Regarding this specific topic Barack Obama clearly stated that this is not only about America’s interest but of the humanity as a whole. He is not fighting on the grounds of personal friction; in fact it is based upon the threat imposed by path chosen by Iran. Now in my opinion this is a valid stance from the Americans but Iran’s response with hostility and aggression can be associated with the past history between these two countries. Also we should look into some facts here and answer few questions in order to unveil one possible reason for Iran’s unresponsiveness. Who’s the only country in the history of mankind guilty of two nuclear explosions on a heavily populated area killing thousands of people in an instance? I think we all know the answer. There have been many justifications given for this act including one which states that it reduced the durati on of war by several years and saved many lives. But the reason I bought this up is to emphasize the impact of that history on this present world. For instance, if a man is drunk and preaching about the hazards of alcohol. Is it possible that he will be acknowledged? Again there are two possibilities: listener may understand that he has an experience and knows the effect very well hence he is warning of the outcome and should be listened or listener may question that how can a person who drinks himself ask anyone else to refrain from it. Unfortunately Iran belongs to the second category and Obama’s assertions on this point will prove to be inadequate. What could have been said? In his speech he should have outlined if America, who has one of the biggest stockpiles of nuclear arms, plans on demolishing or at least minimizing its nuclear program. â€Å"Charity begins at home† and if America claims to be a responsible country she should take solid steps to initiate a move ment by which we can get rid of these weapons of mass destruction. Also Barack Obama should have mentioned the threat imposed by the terrorists in today’s world. And the consequences if those weapons are acquired by them. Hence, the emphasis should have been on the issue of securing such destructive warheads. We know that Iran ‘claims’ that their nuclear plants are only for constructive purposes and they don’t have any intention of preparing nuclear warheads. Under present circumstances,

International Monetary Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

International Monetary Economics - Essay Example From the Keynesian identity it can be deduced that the current account deficit is caused by the reduction of the private spending and a large budget deficit. This model was applied to the international trade by Keynes. Keynes designed this model just to deal with the current account deficit that UK was suffering from in the 1960s. Since at that time the foreign capital investment was minimal and there was a fixed exchange rate system in the UK, most of the policies of the Keynesians work according to these two conditions. The Keynesian model relies greatly on the expenditure changing policies. The expenditure changing policies are designed to change the level of spending in the domestic economy. This can be explained through the income and the adjustment model. Since the expenditure that is spent on the imports results in a loss of the money and income to the foreign countries, it is considered an injection. The Keynesian model states that in order to maintain or improve the circular flow of income it is important that the expenditure on the imports is reduced. This can be done if the income in the country is reduced. The domestic income has a direct relation with the imports of a country. This is because as the income in the country increases, there is an increased amount spent on the imports. Also the increase in the income means that the production of the country has increased. The production process may also involve raw materials that are to be imported. As a result the expenditure on the imports would be further increased. In order to reduce the expenditure spent on the imports the Keynesian policies propose the reduction of the domestic production. Since the Keynesian identity is also applicable to the domestic economy (without the net imports), the governments can reduce the government expenditure and reduce the taxes etc to decrease the domestic activity and so the expenditure

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Social Psychology - Essay Example Achieving social competence requires balanced interaction with the cognitive state of individual, psychological dispositions and cultures the individual practices (Lovaglia, 2007). Until the 1970’s sociologists underscored the investigation of emotion as a relevant field in sociology (Stets, 2007). However, with the discovery that human behavior, interaction and social structuring relies on emotional expression, sociologists delve into manners of human expression such as language. Language is a main way through which people express their emotion. Therefore, developing linguistic faculties aids humans in acquiring the sense of self through expression of their emotions. Language defines symbolic interaction as it is the means through which culture moves form one generation to the next. Language is not only a symbol but its use elicits symbols through which humans understand each other. For instance, one may choose obscene words to refer to a situation or person. This obscene lan guage expresses anger or disappointment. One can see that Mead (1934) succeeds in his intention of highlighting the importance of language in social psychology (James, 2007). Through an interaction of an array of possible developmental stages as suggested by various theorists, an individual reaches a compromise of the best possible self. A few of these theories include latent trait theory and, in view of Herbert Mead, mainly cognitive theory. Sense of self involves creating a distinction between the self and others. These distinctions are as basic as knowing ones gender. The sense of self, therefore, relies on knowing what role one plays in society. The position affiliated to a person is a symbol of the self as it guides the social interactions they engage. For instance, an individual when analyzing an occurrence will ask â€Å"who† did what to â€Å"whom†? Even in the constantly changing roles, self identity is responsible for stability and coherence, in regard to soc ial interactions, for the individual. However, Mead points out that the self needs to be as flexible as possible. This will help the individual to self conceptualize and, therefore, create the unique self (Stets, 2007). The sense of self lays a foundation for development of self esteem. Without self esteem, an individual will have a hard time balancing their inner feelings with those people hold towards them. Secondly, the individual will have a hard time expressing their emotions even with a grasp on linguistic faculties and their perceived meanings. The result of this is deviants in society as seen in crime, and sexual expression. Social competence should be emphasized in childhood as early as possible. Jean Piaget viewed young children as little scientists. He was of the view that children are capable of deciphering situations and actions through perception. Therefore, it is possible to introduce self control to the child as it will help them associate it with self esteem even la ter in life. According to Siegel in his book â€Å"Criminology: Theories Patterns and Typology†, research reveals that low self control during childhood may result in disrupted social bonds. This means that, in adulthood, the individual will not have meaningful social interactions due to low self esteem. This is a sure way to fall in to some forms of crime as prescribed by latent trait theory. The same can apply to sexual interactions that have a direct correlation to self esteem. Siegel (2012) further notes

Healthcare Consent legislation Essay Example for Free

Healthcare Consent legislation Essay Healthcare Consent legislation applies to everyone above the age of 18 (some places 16) and has the following rights (Ref 1) 1)The right to give or refuse consent 2)The right to choose a particular form of healthcare on any grounds including moral or religious grounds 3)The right to revoke consent 4)The right to expect that a decision to give, refuse or revoke consent will be respected 5) The right to be involved to the greatest degree possible in all case planning and decision making Mostly all nursing actions are an invasion of a person’s privacy and giving consent is carried out by going into the hospital or being treated at home. So one can say that consent is based on the principle of respect for a fellow human being. (Ref 1,2) This legislation tells me that all patients and clients have a right to receive information about their condition. As a nurse I should be sensitive to their needs and respect the wishes of those who refuse or are unable to receive such information. (Ref 1,2) For instance, there may be a language barrier and I should not just go about reading the consent form in English, rather I should arrange for a interpreter or find a nurse who speaks the clients language. I also respect their decision of autonomy-their decision to accept or decline any health intervention even if a refusal means loss of life, example Jehovah s witness refusing blood transfusion. The client will now have alternate options given by the Health Care Providers. Informed consent is obtained by a legally competent person, who voluntarily accepts or declines the consent after being informed of the treatment including side effects, adverse effects.(Ref 1,2) Many people are frightened by unfamiliar medical procedures and interventions and may thus want to back off from any treatment. This decision should be respected, and the client should not be forced into taking any of these medication or treatment. Rather the nurse can educate them to the best of her education and training if the client wants to know about it. Historically dating back to 1914, it was Justice Cardoza who changed the concept of research ethics involving human beings. The foundation of modern day informed consent is based on his statement â€Å"Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what should be done with his (or her) own body.†(3) There were many historical events that lead to present day consent acts. Some of them were as follows (ref #3) 1) Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in Black  Men (1932-1973) 2) The Nuremberg Code as a result of the Nazi Medical Experiment during World War II (1947) 3) The Thalidomide experiment that resulted in birth defects (1950) 4) The declaration of Helsinki (1964) I feel these events all had a big role in shaping modern day HCCA and Consent legislature.Previously, a simple consent question would be â€Å"did the patient agree to surgery?† (Ref 2), which now has evolved into â€Å"Did the physician provide the patient with adequate amount of information for the patient to consent?† This newer version of the legislation allows the nurse to participate in proper advocacy so as to promote patient autonomy in self-determination. Initially informed consent meant saying â€Å"YES† to any treatment or intervention laid out by the physician and advocated by a nurse (Ref 1). Now informed consent means being able to say â€Å"NO† and this in itself is a part of exercising ones autonomy.(Ref2)Nurses should practice with the knowledge that clients must consent to be touched ,to have treatments administered , to undergo surgery, for bathing, positioning, taking vital signs, physical assessment ,changing dressings, venipuncture,wo und irrigation, catheter insertion just to name a few. If a patient or client is not capable of giving consent then besides the HCCA (1996) Ontario does have the Substitute Decision Act(1992) SDA . This act allows a substitute decision maker –a spouse, a relative, a parent and in the absence of these someone can be appointed by legal authority if the patient has not indicated otherwise. In emergencies where the priority is preservation of life, a nurse or HCP can provide care to the patient or client without their consent if they are incapacitated, provided it is demonstrated that this action was carried out in the best interest of the patient or client.(Ref 1) In conclusion, I can say that nurses are patient advocates and an essential member of the healthcare team contributing meaningfully to the informed consent process. There are many barriers to the HCCA especially in terms of informed consent, but the well informed and knowledgeable nurse is competent enough to have a thorough understanding of her clients’ needs. She being the clients best advocate will implement the informed consent procedure so as to maintain the clients’ autonomousity so that he or she can maintain their self-determination. This legislation has allowed nurses to be accountable for the best interest of the client and  carry out their role as a client advocate.

Earth Science Essay Example for Free

Earth Science Essay Stars are one of the celestial bodies found in the solar system. Such celestial object produces heat, light, and different forms of radiations such as x-rays and ultraviolet rays caused by its cosmic energy engines. All stars are made up of gas, plasma, and matters comprised of subatomic particles that are extremely heated. From the earth, it may appear that stars are near because of their radiance shining over. However, stars are very far away that most of the scientists have to develop methods in order to calculate their distance. Two of the most notable methods are the parallax technique and the use of Cepheid variable (National Geographic, 2008). The parallax technique is used in order to identify the distance of the stars that are closest to the earth. Due to the revolution of the earth to the sun, the stars that are near to the earth shifts position against the stars that are in farther positions. These changes in the position of the nearby stars are known as the parallax shift. The parallax method functions by observing the distance of the shifting process and determining the earth’s orbit diameter. From there, astronomers are able to determine the parallax angle of the star’s distance. The main principle behind the method is that â€Å"the smaller the parallax shift, the farther away the star is from the earth† (Windows to the Universe Team, 2000, n. p. ). Such method is only applicable for stars that are within the range of few hundred light years from earth. Thus, when stars exceed the given range, the parallax shift could be too small to be measured through this technique (Windows to the Universe Team, 2000). For the countless distant stars that are in the range beyond 100 light years and are in clusters found in a different galaxy, the measurement is identified through the star’s property known as Cepheid variable. Stars that have this property undergo a fixed cycle where they get brighter and dimmer. This property is common among stars that are in â€Å"old age† (Berger, 2002, n. p. ). Because of their abundance in space, astronomers measure their distance by determining the number of cycle when stars are bright (Berger, 2002). There are many ways to measure the distance of the stars. It may be obtained from the stars spectral properties, temperature, brightness, and luminosity. Because of the major efforts in improving the measurements of the distances of the stars, various ways are also formulated in order to determine the cosmic distance of other celestial bodies present in the sky. References Berger, W. H. (2002). Measuring distance to the stars. In Intro to Astronomy: Discussion of the Field of Astronomy, University of California, San Diego. Retrieved September 17, 2008 from http://earthguide. ucsd. edu/virtualmuseum/ita/06_3. shtml. National Geographic. (2008). Stars. Retrieved September 17, 2008 from http://science. nationalgeographic. com/science/space/universe/stars-article. html Windows to the Universe Team. (2000, September). How do astronomers measure the distance to stars? Is it accurate? University Corporation For Atmospheric Research. Retrieved September 17, 2008 from http://www. windows. ucar. edu/tour/link=/kids_space/star_dist. html.

Impact of Economic Crisis on Tourism: Literature Review

Impact of Economic Crisis on Tourism: Literature Review Literature review on how economic crises affect tourism Hospitality industry affected by crises such as the economical one theses days. Customers buying decisionPower influenced when they want to travel by crisis or financial aspects. Affect on arrivals, expenditures, number of nights stayed, volume due to a crisis (economic and financial)? Explain law of supply and demand, and give a model related to hotels or tourism if possible. The impact of crises, particularly economic crises, on the tourism and hospitality industries is illustrated sharply by Watkins (2002), who details how the depressed economy of the United States following the dot com crash led to a rapid decline in the American long haul public transportation system, with significant implications for the US tourism and hotel industries. In addition, not only did the weak economy in 2000 and 2001 create issues in the industry, but the attacks on the 11th September 2001 dramatically decreased travel across the country. However, Watkins (2002) demonstrates that this also led to customers exercising greater power when making their buying decision, with many companies choosing lower class options for business travel, and tourists using the power of the Internet to look for the lowest air travel prices. In addition, the economic and terrorist crises actually benefitted US low cost carriers, allowing Southwest Airlines to reach a critical mass of services, and hence take on the major flag airlines such as American Airlines and Delta. Indeed, the evidence indicates that during a significant economic crisis, the tourism industry shrinks, but changing consumer preferences tend to minimise the impact of this shrinking, and allow some sectors to grow. Looking at the current economic crisis, Clausing et al (2007) report that many travel executives are confident that the industry as a whole will survive the current recession, and even emerge stronger, and with higher net profits than originally forecasted. This is further supported by Taylor (2008), who reports that whilst sales of traditional holidays in the UK country fell by a quarter over the summer of 2008, with many predicting a further 12 per cent fall over the summer of 2009, this reduction in capacity will provide future benefits to the industry. In particular, the reduction is expected to result in an six or seven percent increase in prices in 2009, which will help the surviving agencies and operators to boost their profits and secure their operations. However, whilst widespread national or international crises, such as the one occurring at the moment, offer opportunities for some firms in the industry; localised crises can have a devastating impact on arrivals, expenditures, and volume in the local area. The Economist (2003) details the impact of the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS, on the economy of Hong Kong where it was most concentrated. In Hong Kong at the height of the outbreak, hotel occupancy fell by almost 80 per cent and the two main passenger airlines: Cathay Pacific and Draganair, lost more than 60 per cent of their traffic. Restaurants and hotels in the city also saw almost no economic activity, and retail prices continued their falls which were initiated by the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s (The Economist, 2003). The Asian financial crisis itself was a significant one, and had a major negative impact on tourism across the industry, particularly amongst Asian airlines which lost many of their business class passengers. However, in this case the economic crisis created a fall in demand which acted as a catalyst for a significant change to the supply side of the industry (Sadi and Henderson, 2000). In particular, the Asian airlines recognised the need for high levels of adaptability in their supply of services, including the need to be flexible around costs in case of falls in revenue. The supply side pressures led to an increasing extension and consolidation of the various strategic alliances in the industry, as well as organisational reorganisation and the adoption of new technologies. These changes allowed the most successful players in the industry to weather the crisis and gave them the potential to emerge from it in a stronger situation (Sadi and Henderson, 2000). Indeed, even major crises can provide a boom for some tourist activities in the region where the crisis occurs. This can be seen in Pearce’s (2001) analysis of the development of the New Zealand tourist industry during the 1990s, which was strongly affected by the Asian economic crisis. As a result of this crisis, only the most resilient hotels, airlines and other tourist offerings were able to thrive, hence creating an industry able to rapidly adapt to changing tourist tastes and market conditions. This led to New Zealand developing one of the most diverse and complex tourism industries in the region, giving it significant appeal to a wide range of tourists (Pearce, 2001). Finally, whilst the tourism industry can be strongly damaged by economic crises, it can also reap the benefits of events which occur as a reaction to said crises, or from attempts to resolve them. This is demonstrated by Bue-Said (2008) who claims that the victory of Barack Obama in the US presidential elec tion will tend to be of significant benefit to the tourism industry in the United States: not only will Obama’s proposed rescue package for the US economy stimulate tourism, but as the first African American President of the United States, Obama may well be a tourist attraction himself. References Bue-Said, J. L. (2008) Black clouds could be lifting. Travel Weekly; 14th November 2008, p. 26. Clausing, J. Baran, M. and Compart, A. (2007) Industry is upbeat despite credit crunch. Travel Weekly; Vol. 66, Issue 38, p. 16. Economist (2003) In intensive care. Economist; Vol. 367, Issue 8321, p. 20. Pearce, D. (2001) Tourism. Asia Pacific Viewpoint; Vol. 42, Issue 1, p. 75. Sadi, M. A. and Henderson, J. C. (2000) The Asian economic crisis and the aviation industry: impacts and response strategies. Transport Reviews; Vol. 20, Issue 3, p. 347-367. Taylor, I. (2008) Holidays out of UK down by a quarter. Travel Weekly; 14th November 2008, p. 2-3. Watkins, E. (2002) Another Threat to the Hotel Industry. Lodging Hospitality; Vol. 58, Issue 12, p. 2. Methods for Business Analysis: PESTLE and Porters Five Methods for Business Analysis: PESTLE and Porters Five According to Johnson scholes (2005, Page 9) strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long period, ideally which seeks to match its resources to its changing environment and in particular its markets, customers or clients so as to meet stakeholders expectations. Strategy is viewed as a link between the firm and its environment (Grant, 2008). For a strategy to be successful it should be in harmony with the firms internal environment such as goals, values, resources, capabilities and systems, and the external environment in which it operates. Developing effective strategies cannot take place without firstly (Vignali et al, 2003) analysing the external environment in which the company operates. Vignali Vrontis, (2004) further suggested that environmental scanning of both the external and internal environment is necessary to formulate the strategy to reach their objectives. For an organisation it is important to analyse the macro environment which comprises of political, social, technological and economical issues; industry experts use PESTLE to analyse this macro environment. PESTLE is a tool used to analyse the external business macro environment in identifying how future trends might impact on organisations within an industry. Macro environment factors will impact to a greater or lesser extent on all companies in the business environment (Johnson Scholes, 2008). Pestle stands for Political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental. Political- legal, factors include antitrust regulations, environmental protection laws, tax laws, foreign trade regulations, stability of government, European issues ;Economical factors such as GDP trends, interest rates, money supply, inflation rates, unemployment levels, exchange rates, foreign trade regulations; Sociocultural- lifestyle changes, consumer activism, career expectations, demographics; Technological changes such as New products, internet, telecom, networking. An example of PESTLE ANALYSIS for Airline Industry The political factors such as government support for national carriers, security control, restrictions on migrations will have a major impact on the industry. Economic factors such as national growth rates, fuel prices, recession, employment affects the airlines business. Social factors such as consumer spending, international holidays and International student exchange programmes, Olympics directly increase the sales of the business where as in technological factors such as fuel efficient engines, security check machines, online ticketing systems and environmental issues such as noise pollution, carbon emission regulations changes in any of the above factors will have a impact on the airlines industry. According to (Johnson Scholes, 2008) it is very important to find the key drivers for change rather than overwhelming on all the details of the environment factors, as the key drivers may vary within industries. The external forces impact the immediate environment (Johnson et al, 2005) creating competitive forces on the organisation in the industry. It is very important for managers to be aware of the companys environmental factors, competitive forces in the industry, which showcase the attractiveness of the industry and the success or failure of a particular company (Mintzberg et al, 1998). These environmental factors can be categorised either as opportunities or threat and are included in the strategic formulation. Porters five forces: Porters five forces model provides a useful basis to examine the extent of competition in an industry. Attractiveness of an industry with competitive forces can be identified with the help of five forces framework. The profit potential of an industry can be determined by collective strength of the five forces (Mintz berg et al). The five forces are: threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products or services, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and rivalry among existing firms. Customers, suppliers, substitutes, and potential entrants are all competitors to firms in the industry (Porter, 2004, 2008). If all these forces are strong, the more limited is the ability of established companies to raise prices and earn greater profits (Wheelen Hunger, 2002; Hagen, 2010). A company can earn greater profits if there is a low competition force in the industry and a high competitive force can be viewed as threat since it may reduce profits. Many authors Johnson et a l, 2008; Mintzberg et al,1998 ;Wheelen Hunger, 2002 ; Thompson Martin 2005;Grant, 2008 have used the porter five forces frame work in the academic texts. Threat of new entrants: New entrants bring new capacity; desire to gain market share and substantial resources (Mintzberg et al, 1998). The threat of entry depends on the height of barriers (Porter, 2004) and the reaction from existing competitors. Some of the entry barriers are Economies of scale: Economies of scale prevent the entry by forcing the potential competitor to come in on a large scale or to accept cost disadvantage. As the existing firms gain economies of scale through mass production and standard products from the suppliers there by enjoying lower cost per unit. Product differentiation: Existing firms have a brand differentiation and customer loyalty which has achieved by creating value to the customer, Differentiation creates a barrier to entry as the potential competitors needs to spend heavily to gain the market. Capital requirements: Capital requirements create a barrier to potential competitors as they need to invest huge amount, although it creates a barrier, if the returns are attractive then the potential competitors may enter the industry. Cost disadvantages independent of size: established companies enjoy cost advantage, which is not available to the potential competitor, as the existing firms have proprietary technology, availability of best raw materials, proprietary product knowledge Access to distribution channels will deter the entry of potential competitors and even the government regulations which prevents or limit entry into certain industries by restricting access to raw materials. Rivalry among existing firms: Rivalry among existing competitors takes place to gain market share from each other in the industry. The intensity of rivalry depends on several factors such as Number of competitors: if the competitors are equal in size there would be high rivalry as all the competitors try to gain dominance in the industry. Rate of industry growth: slow growth leads to price wars to gain market share. Height of exit barriers: its the opposite side of entry, as the firms investments in specialised assets, or managements loyalty (Porter, cited in Mintzberg et al,1998) huge amount in a particular business, keeps companies in market even though if they are running in loss or earning low returns. Bargaining power of buyers: Buyers may be the end consumer. Buyers compete within the industry by reducing the price and demanding for higher quality of products and services and playing competitors against each other. A buyers group may be powerful if the following factors hold true. Switching cost locks the buyer to particular sellers; on the other hand the buyers power will be improved if the seller faces switching cost and it earns low profits, thereby creating great incentive to lower purchasing cost. Buyers can threaten to enter the industry partially and pose a credible threat of backward integration and bargain to bring the prices down. Bargaining power of suppliers: The organisations that produce inputs such as material and labour in to the industry are called suppliers, these suppliers can affect the industry as they have the capability to increase the price or reduce the quality of the goods and services. The supplier group will be more powerful if they have few substitutes in the industry and if the product is functional. A supplier group will be more powerful if they are dominated by a few companies. Firms may pursue a backward integration strategy to gain control of suppliers, but this strategy will be effective when the suppliers are not reliable and charging high prices or not meeting the deadlines. Pressure from substitutes: It is the competition stirred from products outside the industry. According to Porter (2004), substitutes are the products that can serve the same purpose and depends on the willingness of the buyer. They have a tendency to attract a considerable proportion of the market volume and decrease the probable sales volume of the existing players. Also Porter (2004), states that, the price elasticity of a product is affected by substitute products if there are more number of substitutes available, the demand is more elastic since customers have more choices. Limitations: Porters five forces model is a strategic tool that is utilised to identify if a new business, product or service has the potential to be profitable. However, it is important to understand that this model has further limitations in current market environment, since it visualizes somewhat still market structure. Porters model is formerly based on the economic situation in the 80s with tough competition and comparatively stable market structure; it is not able to consider the new business models and viability of the industries like dynamic market entrants and technological innovations which will entirely alter the business models within a small time. For example, computer and software industry is considered highly competitive. However, Five Forces Model is of limited value as it represents nothing more then the snapshots of moving pictures, since the structure of the industry is persistently transformed by innovation. Therefore, as stated by Kippenberger (1998) and Haberberg Rieple (2001), it is not prudent to develop strategy only on the basis of Porters Five Forces Model and should also be examined in addition to other strategic frameworks of SWOT and PEST analysis. Moreover, many academics and strategist have repeatedly challenged Porters framework. According to Coyne Subramaniam (1996), there are three ambiguous assumptions that underlie the five forces: That buyers, competitors suppliers are unrelated and do not interact and collude. That the source of value is structural advantage (creating barriers to entry). That uncertainty is low, allowing participants in a market to plan for and respond to competitive behaviour. In mid 1990s an important extension to the Porters Model was found with the help of the Game Theory (Brandenburger Nalebuff, 1995). The concept of Complementors also referred to as the 6th force was added, which helped in explaining the reasons behind strategic alliances. For example tourism industry and the airline industry are complementary industries. Also it is perhaps not reasonable to assess the attractiveness of an industry autonomous of the resources a company brings to that industry. Therefore to develop a more sound strategy for a firm a Resource Based View (RBV) should be used together with this theory (Wernerfelt, (1984); Rumelt, (1984)). The model should be adopted with the knowledge of its limitations and their use as a part of a bigger framework of management tools, techniques and theories. The five forces determine industry profitability as they influence cost, prices, and investments of firms in an industry and the elements of return on investment (porter, 1990), even though it is criticised but it is still one of the widely accepted model to analyse the competitive forces. After identifying the forces affecting competition and their causes in the industry, the firm will be in a position to identify its strength and weakness relative to that industry. Resource based view (RBV): Resource Based View (RBV) is an economic tool utilized to identify a firms potential key resources. It is more frequently linked with the work of Prahalad Hamel (1990); Rumelt (1991); Grant (1991) and Peteraf (1993). It has an inside-out approach since it deals with the competitive environment facing the organization. Therefore, its beginning point is an organizations internal environment. According to Draft (1983) cited in Barney (1991, p. 101), firm resources include all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge, etc; controlled by a firm that enable the firm to conceive of and implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness. According to Mahoney Pandian (1992); Hooley Greenley (2005) and Smith Rupp (2002), RBV of a firm describe its capability to delivering sustainable competitive advantage while the resources are managed in way that the end product cannot be replicated the competitors, hence creating a competitive barrier. Barney (2001), states that RBV explains that a firms sustainable competitive advantage is reached by virtue of unique resources, while these resources have the characteristics of being rare, valuable, inimitable, non-tradable, non-substitutable as well as firm specific. According to Prahalad Hamel(1990) cited in Thomspon Martin, Once the core competenecies are developed in the organisations they should be exploited and these core competencies should be flexible and responsive to the changing customer demands in market. The limitation of the resource based view is that it says very little on how resource can develop or change over time (Henry, 2008). The self-motivated role played by individuals within organisations is often assumed to be obvious and therefore rarely addressed. According to Priem Butler (2001), resource based view of strategy lacks details and hence is difficult for organisations to put into practice. Value chain analysis: The concept of value chain was developed in 1980 by Michael Porter, also known as value chain analysis. Value Chain helps in analysing specific activities so that a firm can create value and competitive advantage. Its a chain of activities for a firm operating in a particular industry. Every organisation has certain activities that link together to increase value of the business and these activities form the organisations value chain. According to Lynch (2003), these activities may include purchasing, manufacturing of products and distribution marketing of the organisations products and services. The competitive advantage in value chain is obtained from two sources: (i) differentiation advantage: customer perceives more value from the firms product, and (ii) low cost advantage: a firm provides the product or service at a lower cost than the average market cost. According to Svensson (2003), the value for the final customer is the value only in its theoretical context and not practical terms, which is a limitation of the model. The true value of the product is measured only when it reaches the final customer. Many academics and researchers have questioned the model and its applicability in context of the service industry. Generic strategies: TARGETING AND POSITIONING Positioning determines the profitability of firm in the industry. A firm that positions well in the industry may earn high rates of returns even though if the industry structure is unfavourable (porter, 2004 Pg. 11). Michael porter proposes 2 generic competitive strategies for outperforming other corporations in a particular industry: lower cost and differentiation (Wheelen Hunger, 2002) These competitive advantages combined with scope of activities, for which the firm seeks to achieve them lead to three generic strategies for by performing above there average in an industry: cost leadership, differentiation and focus (porter, 1990) Lower cost and differentiation strategies seek broad mass market while focus strategies aim at niche (narrow) market. The diagram below represents the porters generic strategies Cost leadership and differentiation strategies seek competitive advantage in a broad range of industry segments while focus strategies aim at cost advantage in the narrow segment. The focus has two variants, cost focus and differentiation focus. Cost leadership: This strategy focuses mainly on gaining competitive advantage by having the lowest cost in the industry (Porter, 2004), Mintzberg et al, 1998; Johnson et al 2008). According to (Malburg, 2000) to achieve the low cost benefit, the firm should have low cost leadership, low cost manufacturing and low work force strategies but (Hyatt, 2001) states the firms should have a large market share to gain the cost advantage, contrary to this Malburg (2001), Davidson, (2001) state that the cost leadership can be achieved by mass production, economies of scale, product design, R D, access to raw materials, proprietary technology, mass distribution. Having a low cost position yields the company above average returns even if they have strong competitive advantage. But according to porter (1985), only one firm in the industry can have the advantage of cost leader but Malburg (2000) stated that competitors fight through low cost leadership roles. Since low cost leadership firms have bigger market shar e, they will have high bargaining power with suppliers and enjoy above average on investments( Wheelen Hunger,2002) contrary to this( Cross, 1999) states cost leadership have certain disadvantages, as they create little loyalty to the customers and if the firm reduces the prices it may loose profits. Differentiation: The second generic strategy, companies using this strategy focus to be unique in the industry by offering products or services which are highly valued by buyers (Porter, 2004; cross, 1991; Hyatt, 2001). Differentiation is done by tailoring the customer needs and charging a premium for the customisation in the market. Differentiation strategy is more likely to generate revenue higher profits than low cost strategy as it creates a defensible position (Porter, 2004. pg .37) for coping with five forces. The customer loyalty and need for uniqueness creates a barrier of entry for potential competitor (Wheelen Hunger, 2002, Porter, 2004).According to (Mc Cracken, 2002) the key step in developing a differentiation strategy is to find how the company is different from the competitors. Mc Cracken Davidson suggested that the differentiation can be the market sector, quality of work, product, delivery system and the marketing approach and to be effective the message of differentiation should reach the end users. (Hyatt, 2001) says that firms must add a premium to the cost when using differentiation strategy however Hlavacka et al (2001) argued that cost and prices are not considered as the ma in focus but on the other hand Cross (1999) stated that since customers are loyal to the company and are willing to pay the higher price for its product. Focus: According to Porter; Davidson, (2001); Cross, (1991), the firms which follow this strategy target a specific segment of the market, this strategy is completely different from the others as it relies on narrow competitive scope in an industry (porter), the company can focus on a selected group of customers, geographical area, product range, focus strategies are effective when consumers have preferences and if the niche market is not recognised by rival firms. The focus strategy has two variants. Cost focus: Firms seeks cost advantage in the target market segment. Cost focus is a low cost competitive strategy and exploits cost behaviour differences in some segments. In using this strategy the company seeks a cost advantage in its target segment. Differentiation focus: Firms seek differentiation in its target market. Differentiation exploits needs of buyers. According to Wheelen Hunger (2002) there are various risks involved in implementing competitive strategies, none of the strategy guarantees to achieve success and some companies implemented porters strategy and failed to sustain the strategy. Some companies that try to attempt cost leadership and differentiation is stuck in the middle (porter). Helms et al, 1997 says that there is much debate on using two generic strategies at the same time. But according to Porter differentiation and cost leadership are mutually exclusive (Porter), on the other hand Helms et al (1997) found companies that used combination strategies have higher returns on investments. Ansoff Matrix The Ansoff product/market growth matrix Ansoff, (1988), cited in Johnson et al(2008), provides four alternative directions for strategic development, according to this model the firm can decide their strategy depending on the resources. This matrix helps the firm to determine the growth strategies of the firms. Market penetration: The strategy of increasing the sales in the current market with the existing products. They spend heavy budgets on advertising to create customer satisfaction and to attract the customers from the competitors, there by creating a high competition. Product development is the strategy of increasing sales with the development of current product or by developing new product. Developing a new product in the current market needs lot of innovation as they should match the customer taste. Market development is the strategy of increasing sales of the existing products in a new market attracting new customers, moving to new geographical area, new segments. Diversification takes the firm completely away from the existing market and the existing products. Diversification takes place when new products are developed and sold in new markets. Diversification allows the firms to spread the risks in a wide array of markets. Swot Analysis: Swot is an acronym of strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. Scanning of external environment STEP, Porters five forces, for opportunities and threats and internal environment such as resources, capabilities, financial, marketing, value chain, technology for strengths and weakness is an important part in developing strategic planning. According to Vrontis, (1999), it is very important if the companies want to capitalise on their strengths and minimise weakness, exploit market opportunities as they arise and avoid threats. SWOT gives us the key issues that may impact on strategy development (Johnson et al, 2008). It can also be used to convert weakness into threats and threats into opportunities. RYAN AIRWAYS AND BRITISH AIRWAYS They would like to understand the underpinning logic of the strategy choices/generic strategies available to them and you have asked you to provide some detailed illustrations from the airline industry. The product/service differentiation visions and strategies of SIA, BA and UAL, as they prepare for the new millennium, provide interesting contrast and comparison insights and lessons on product/service differentiation for the industry as a whole SIA is strategically positioned in the premium service, quality and value market segment of the international airline industry. Service is the raison de tre of SIA, and at the heart of its service reputation is the Singapore Girl. Since the late 1980s, SIA has always held the view that: The airline industry is, by its very nature, a service industry. In a free market, the success or failure of an individual airline is largely dictated by the quality of the service it provides (Harvard Business School, 1989). http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?Filename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/2610310604.html#2610310604001.png References Porter, M. E., (2004), The global competitiveness report 2004-2005, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Brandenburger, A.M. and Nalebuff, B.J. (1995), The Right Game: Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, Jul-Aug, pp.57-71 Coyne, K.P. and Subramaniam, S. (1996), Bringing discipline to strategy, The McKinsey Quarterly, No.4 Haberberg, A. and Rieple, A., (2001), The Strategic Management of Organizations, Essex: Pearson Education. Kippenberger, T., (1998). Strategy according to Michael Porter, The Antidote, Vol. 3 No.6, pp. 24-25. Wernerfelt, B., (1984). The Resource-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal; Vol.5 No.2, pp. 171-180. Rumelt, D.P., (1984), Towards a Strategic Theory of the Firm, Alternative theories of the firm, International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 154. Cheltenham, U.K and Northampton. Wheelen, T.l Hungher,J.D.,(2002) Strategic management and Business policy, 8thed. New Jersey: Pearson education. 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Harvard business review 2008 available at: http://www.ascendcfo.com/pdfFiles/HBR-The%20Five%20Competitive%20Forces%20That%20Shape%20Strategy.pdf- Accessed on [10 March 2010] Vignali, C., Vrontis, D. (2004), Global Marketing and Export Management, Foxwell and Davies, London Cited in Vrontis,D. stavrou,A. Kogetsidis.H(2006).Strategic marketing planning for a supplier of liquid food packaging products in Cyprus, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, Volume.21,No.4 pp: 250-261 Barney, J.B. (1991).Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17 (1), pp.99-120. Daft, L.R. (1983).Organizational Theory and Designs, West Pub. Co., St. Paul. Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G., (1990). The Core Competence of the organization. Harvard Business Review, 68 (3), pp.79-91. Rumelt, R.P., (1991), How much does industry matter? Strategic management journal, vol.12 No.3, pp.167-85. Grant, R.M., (1991), The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33(spring), pp.114-35. Peteraf, M., (1993), The cornerstones if competitive advantage: a resource based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14, pp.179-91. Mahoney, J.T. and Pandian, J.R., (1992), The Resource-Based View Within the Conversation of Strategic Management, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15 No.5, pp. 363-380. Hooley, G.J. and Greenley, G.E., (2005). The Resource Underpinnings of Competitive Positions,Journal of Strategic Marketing, Vol.13, No.2.pp.93-116. Smith, A.D. Rupp, W.T. (2002). Communication and Loyalty among Knowledge Workers: a resource of the firm theory view, Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol. 6 No.3, pp.250-61. Barney, J.B., (2001). Is the Resource-Based Theory a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research? Yes, Academy of Management Review., Vol.26 No.1, pp.41-56. Henry, A., (2008). Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Priem, R.L. and Butler, J.E., (2001). Is the resource based view a useful perspective for strategic management research? Academy of Management Review, Vol.26 No.1. pp. 22-40. Lynch, R., (2003). corporate strategy.3rd ed. London: FT Prentice Hall. Svensson, G., (2003). Consumer driven and bi-directional value chain diffusion models, European Business Review, Vol. 15, No. 6, p. 390-400. Allen.R.S, Helms.M,(2004) Linking strategic practices and organisational performance to porters generic strategies, Business process management journal ,vol. 12 No.4 ,pp.433-454. Executive summary This report provides the strategic tools and techniques used in formulating strategy. This report starts with the external analysis of macro environment by using PESTLE and industry analysis to identify the profit potential by using the porters five forces frame work. The external analysis is carried to identify the threats and opportunities in the operating environment. Internal analysis of the firm is carried out to identify the strengths and weakness of the firm using by using Porters value chain, Resource based view. Porters three generic strategies have been explained for positing of the firm and Ansoff growth/productmatrix is also explained. An overview of ryan airways and british airways has been provided with and to identify then internal analysis frameworks using RBV , porters value chain and porters generic strategies.

The Watergate Scandal :: President Richard Nixon

The tapes The hearings held by the Senate Watergate Committee, in which Dean was the star witness and in which many other former key administration officials gave dramatic testimony, were broadcast through most of the summer, causing devastating political damage to Nixon. The Senate investigators also discovered a crucial fact on July 13: Alexander Butterfield, deputy assistant to the President, revealed during an interview with a committee staff member that a taping system in the White House automatically recorded everything in the Oval Office—tape recordings that could prove whether Nixon or Dean was telling the truth about key meetings. The tapes were soon subpoenaed by both Cox and the Senate. Nixon refused, citing the theory of executive privilege, and ordered Cox, via Attorney General Richardson, to drop his subpoena. Cox's refusal led to the "Saturday Night Massacre" on October 20, 1973, when Nixon compelled the resignations of Richardson and then his deputy in a search for someone in the Justice Department willing to fire Cox. This search ended with Robert Bork, and the new acting department head dismissed the special prosecutor. Allegations of wrongdoing caused Nixon to famously state "I am not a crook" in front of 400 Associated Press managing editors at Walt Disney World in Florida on November 17. While Nixon continued to refuse to turn over actual tapes, he did agree to release edited transcripts of a large number. These largely confirmed Dean's account, and caused further embarrassment when a crucial, 18Â ½ portion of one tape, which had never been out of White House custody, was found to have been erased. The White House blamed this on Nixon's secretary, Rose Mary Woods, who said she had accidentally erased the tape by pushing the wrong foot pedal on her tape player while answering the phone. However, as photos splashed all over the press showed, for Woods to answer the phone and keep her foot on the pedal involved a stretch that would have challenged many a gymnast. She was then said to have held this position for the full 18Â ½ minutes. Later forensic analysis determined that the gap had been erased several—perhaps as many as nine—times over, refuting the "accidental erasure" explanation.. This issue of access to the tapes went all the way to the Supreme Court and on July 24, 1974 the Court unanimously ruled in United States v. Nixon that Nixon's claim of executive privilege over the tapes was void and they further ordered him to surrender them to special prosecutor Leon Jaworski.

Biographical Narrative based on the video Fatal Game :: essays papers

Biographical Narrative based on the video 8216Fatal Game8217 Arising lethargic and groggy after their sleepless night at camp six, Mark Whetu and Mike Rheinberger were slow to dress, melt ice, and get out of the tent at three o’clock in the morning. They should have left at one at the latest but the wind was too gusty. Unfortunately, by the time they loaded their backpacks, strapped on their crampons and were ready to leave, it was three thirty. Mark, an experienced climber knew they wouldn’t summit before one p.m. but he had only been hired as a guide for Rheinberger, who, after seven tries at Mount Everest had still not been able to summit. For Rheinberger, descent was totally unacceptable. Too much labour, too many sleepless nights, and too many dreams had been invested to not summit. He couldn’t come back for another try next weekend. To go down now, would have raised one big question: what might have been? Mark was in front of Rheinberger and was growing impatient with his dismal pace. Ahead of them Mark spotted another team, returning unsuccessful from their summit attempt. As the other team passed, they chatted a little. It wasn’t until then that Mark realised how late it was. Twelve thirty. They were more than four hours from the summit, if they hurried. Rheinberger was not quitting now. Mark decided not to argue and the duo continued their ascent. At five thirty, when the light was slowly fading, they were so close to the summit. Rheinberger was quickening his pace now as he knew victory was in his grasp. At six o’clock, Rheinberger had finally accomplished what he been previously unable to do for the last ten years. But even in this moment of triumph, he was weakening with every oxygen-deprived breath. Down to one knee, watching the sun disappear, he looked like this was what he was sent to earth to do. Alarm soon hit them both, as when they were only meters from the top the light disappeared altogether. â€Å"We’ll bevy.† Suggested Rheinberger. â€Å"It’s the only thing we can do.† ‘Unfortunately he was right.’ Thought Mark. And so, they bedded down for the night in the death zone. A height where the body is dying – starved, from life giving oxygen.

Canterbury Tales :: essays research papers

Canterbury Tales as a whole was very interesting. It has introduced us to a way of life that we never knew existed. It also introduced us to a type of crude humor that we have never been exposed to. It has shown us a true side of life during the Middle Ages. We have learned many things already from our World History teachers, but to experience it first hand is a different story. To experience the jokes, the merriment, and culture opens the gates to a new world. I think that these tales have been very entertaining, and enriching. I liked all the tales that I have read. I think that Geoffrey Chaucer was right to record culture the way it is, and not have toned it down to fit the needs of religion. The culture is the way it is, and no one can change it, only to record it. Chaucer recorded like he saw it, with no bias or impure intentions. He was just an author trying to write a book, for people to read and enjoy. I think that the Miller's Tale was very interesting, and definitely showed us some of the crude humor that people in the Middle Ages liked to read about. Most of the crude descriptions, or would not even be allowed to be discussed in sex education class. It can be gruesome, yet it can also be romantic. The plot describes the two lovers, as trying to make love, yet her husband must be distracted. They scheme a clever plot to avoid detection, but a friend spoils the plan. It is a Romeo and Juliet version that is a bit twisted, and bent. The Reeve's Tale In the Prioress's Tale religious discrimination is a definite issue. It deals with the conflicts concerning Jewish, and Christian people. Although in today's times this religious conflict would not usually occur, it is still a minor issue. Most Christians do not despise Jewish people, and most Jewish people do not despise Christian people, in fact they seem to get along together pretty nicely. However in the Middle Ages people must have thought differently because this type of story would never be allowed in our library. However Chaucer has written the Tale in the way he felt that best expressed the times. The Pardoner's Tale had to do with some religious issues again. In this tale it discusses different types of sins, and tells a tale of a group of boy's sins.

Female Circumcision Reader Response

Conn 1 Jennifer Conn Professor Michael Hickman GWRTC 103 –Sect. 61 15 April 2013 Reader Response #3 Though Meyerhardt states that the opening account on female circumcision seemed â€Å"Amusing†, I personally found it far more disturbing. I was very shocked and disgusted while reading this piece, as I am sure my classmates were as well. The â€Å"small opening left for urination and menstruation . . . held open by a single piece of straw which is left there during the healing process† (1) forced me to feel that is an unbelievably unnatural, dehumanizing practice. I was extremely curious about what cultural beliefs supported this practice.When coming to the supposed health reasons and seeing how flawed and inaccurate they all were, I was unable to keep an open mind or continue trying to understand this practice. The idea of â€Å"looking at each other’s genitals to see who had the smallest opening† (2) struck me in a large way. This procedure that is done for society, for a future husband, and for acceptance, seems to take away from the woman. It is as if her body does not truly belong to her. I thought it was interesting and important for the author to include the effect of cultural relativism on the reader.I know that my lack of experience and understanding of the topic, as well as the way of life influences my opinion towards the procedure. Throughout the piece, I was unable change my perception of female circumcision as horrid. Though she seemed to go back and forth in the second half of the essay, the author seemed to have bias as well. I could see the vague connection to culture dominating a woman’s view and treatment of her body. In this way, the procedure seems similar to eating disorders in America. In fact, eating disorders come across as far more deadly.However, I feel that the connection was weak and overdramatized especially when the author stated, â€Å"in America, being fat and ugly, for some, is a fate w orse than death†(3). If this was true, and our culture was as consistent with our beliefs, then we would not have obesity rates as high as they are today. The statement that plastic surgery in America by trained professionals causes â€Å"as much pain† as â€Å"midwives [using] whatever is lying around: a razor, a knife, a broken bottle† (3) is absurd. Safe, comfortable, controlled cosmetic surgery is not widespread, made by someone’s own will, and often looked down upon.The fact that eating disorders are not accepted in our society destroys this analogy to female circumcision. Another poor analogy attempted by Meyerhardt can be found in the beginning of the piece. The author connects children no longer making funny faces due to slight unjustified fear to the cutting off of female genitalia. Though the â€Å"thought of looking odd and malformed scared us enough to stop† in both circumstances, the examples are extremely different. Funny faces are not natural, and little is required to stop making them. Possessing female genitalia is natural however, and the removal of it is dangerous.This analogy downplays the extremity of female circumcision, and does not work. This piece was interesting, and informative on a topic I had known nothing about. For many reasons, it was my impulse to reject the idea of female circumcision and find it horrifying. There seemed to be no truly justified reasoning for why it is still happening, aside from traditional. Though the author attempted to describe opposing views, I found them very weak and confusing. I was unable to connect this procedure with concepts in American life, or accept the vague, unrealistic, positive ending that the author provided.

Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Essay

1.1 What are the laws and codes of usage that relate to the advance of e timbre and the valuing of mixed bag? (Make a list). deterioration Discrimination Acts 1995 & 2005Special fosteringal necessitate and Disability Act 2001Race transaction Amendment Act 2000Human Rights Act 1998Children Acts 1989 & 2004Education Act 1996Equality Act 2010Carers and incapacitate Children Act 2001Every Child Matters 20051.2 wherefore is it important to support the rights of entirely children and puppyish tidy sum to participation and equality of admission fee?All pupils buzz off the right to a broad and balanced curriculum, which schools have a duty to provide. They should have equal gate to the curriculum irrespective of their land, race, farming, gender, additional pauperism or disability. This curriculum refers to culture inwardly and step to the foreside of the classroom and it is important that all children are provided with positive and high quality standards of teaching. By providing this equality of access person-to-person achievements of CYPs pass on be maximised. amour involves everyone within a school. comprehension of pupils and parents alike, regarding learning of school policies perhaps, should be a bipartite process with the teachers, via student councils and parents meetings. Participation could to a fault take place in the classroom where CYPs can relay what whole kit best for them and they then feel that they have a voice.1.3 What are the benefits of valuing and promoting cultural miscellanea in workwith young people? Why is it important? Recognising and promoting the cultural transmutation of individuals and groups within a school will enrich learning and promote the companionship and thought of all pupils. By reading the cultural diversity of the pupils within a school helps them commit sense of their learning by making connections with their own lives. fetching account of CYPs background is natural to build effective relatio nships and provide support. assorted cultures in society should be treasure and reflected throughout the curriculum with regards to music, food, and music, to name moreover a few. By doing this demonstrates a valuing of their culture and supports all CYPs to explore and understand different cultures to their own.Outcome 2 estimate criteria 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5.Write notes somewhat three ideational children to outline how prejudice and discrimination exponent affect them and how you might deal with this. guinea pig 1.Hamish is a 7 and is hard of hearing. He is a loner and finds it hard to guide friends. He has laboriousy understanding what is accident within the classroom and playground. Approaches I would patch up to support cellular inclusion and learning run flashcards and more visual aids forego a buddy scheme whereby otherwise pupils assist him gear up the CYPs somewhat his disability via the British Deaf Association, perhaps, talking within the school intermed iate with the parents as to how they may know of expressions to help, as they will already have strategies in place at home Liaise with the SEN teacherExample 2.Maria is 9 and is a traveller. She is new to the school and this is the sixth school she has been to. She is very behind in education due to her moving nearly. She has a strong accent making it difficult for others to understand her and appears to have been isolated. Approaches I would hand to support inclusion and learningEducate the CYPs about the traveller way of life history, via perhaps having a member of their federation attending the school for an assembly abide extra tuition to improve grades nominate individual TA support set up buddy schemeExample 3.surface-to-air missile is 6 and he has moderate autism. He cannot sit still for long periods. He cannot read or write. Approaches I would make to support inclusion and learning suspend him to expel whatever of his pent up energy by going to a safe area and runni ng around Make sure during carpet metre he has something to keep his hands industrious Provide SEN supportAllow hire of IT to type out words scanty TA supportOutcome 3Assessment criteria 3.1, 3.2, 3.3Find out what inclusion means and write some notes about approaches to inclusion in supporting learning. Inclusion is about ensuring that CYPs, whatever their background or situation are able to participate fully in all aspects of the life of the school. They should be provided with the same opportunities and access to a high quality of education. Best practice checklist for contributing to an inclusive environment receipt the individual needs of children and any electric potential barriers to their learning Listen to children and involve them in their own learningKnow the background and interest of individual children and draw on these when supporting their learning Include materials and resources in your own work with children which reflect diversity in society Find out about the individual targets of the children with whom you work intention different strategies to support children with their learning ingest high expectations of all childrenReport any concerns that you have about childrens show up and/or well-being

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt

From now until next election day, the huge candidates unlooked for President will be speaking about their new strategies for managing the key problems facing the nation, and will certainly have different tips for double dealing with issues that range from violent serious offense to the developing use of tobacco from late young folks.Franklin Roosevelt created many different laws and agencies to reach his goals of relief, reform, logical and recovery. Roosevelt created the Social Security Act. The personal Social Security Act provided modest pensions, unemployment insurance, logical and financial assistance to handicapped, elderly, and dependent children.It was a central system that provided for the welfare of individuals in the new industrial act.Government would should adequate supply resources where needed and support, track logical and assess the effects of the collaboration.The Civilian Consercation Corps and the Works rapid Progress Administration were made to design new wor k programs unlooked for people and kept people from starving. It also helped citizens restore their self-respect that they she had lost during the hard years of the Great Depression. These federal agencies provided needed labor for public projects. For women, the depression made their position in the economy worse.

A solution was provided by them.Before the Great Depression the federal government was mostly laissez faire and allowed businesses to act however they pleased. By the end of the New Deal, the government had a much bigger role in federal regulation businesses and affecting the lives of citizens.Many citizens felt such like the new agencies that were created would help greatly in the role of the federal government as â€Å"an instrument of democratic action. † Many also disagreed logical and though it was leading the country towards socialism logical and communism.Although it isnt possible to quantify risk, it can be approximated.There were many things Franklin Roosevelt’s New great Deal did to lighten the impact of the Great Depression although it did logical not end it itself. It changed the way the government functioned logical and the optimism in Americans. It gave citizens little hope in overcoming hardships. Roosevelt built a dominant new political coalition, creating a democratic majority.

Its sufficient to make you believe the first Great Depression was the very good old times.Ross, Stewart. many Causes and Consequences of the Great Depression. Texas: Steck-Vaughn Company, 1998. Print.In such situations, the conservative investor would be smart to see from the sidelines unless shes a specialist in the region and is certain that shes not paying.com/long_divine_appap_7/23/5931/1518562. cw/index. dynamic html FDR’s New Deal Summary & Analysis. http://www.

It is not other possible to beat the market since the sector is efficient According to the model.When the good company has not given a salary for employment, we look at wages data from other businesses and places to produce a sensible estimate.Several must have lost hope of obtaining a secure occupation.Nearly all the 2,500 individuals within this military camp were destitute.

There arent any simple procedures to attain that.The only answer is they can not.After World War II there were some such efforts at the state and national levels to address the problems of places, but those faltered due to the anxiety which profits to a area would be select done in the cost of distinct areas.The authorities was altered by the New Deal.

B proofreding MBA application questions

During the recent course of study, my married wo while utilise for price of introduction to a hardly a(prenominal) civilizes chthonian the sensual garter Program. Barry University latterly authorized her for admission in the cliff of 2007. We picture to go to the akin check over aim and record or so classes together. I am applying for admission to the MBA design at Barry University. When she was invited for an interview, I came a extensive with her and visited the main(prenominal) campus in Miami. I honor the over al mavin grimace and nonion of the campus and was extremely strike with the school facilities and friendship of the teach staff and monitory pupil life.Barry Universitys MBA broadcast ranks 47 among outdo schools in the f altogether in States. That is more than than prof work intellectual for one to recognise portal to your university digression from the secure atmospheric condition of Florida and pretty beaches. 2. Your schoo lmaster plans upon tip of your power point subsequently(prenominal) complementary the MBA political computer programme at your university, I give intention all the cognition and skills I run have got hearty-read to soften(p) exert my baseborn pipeline and arrive at a punter and more winning employment poser.I flavour off to opportunities that go away have me to use my unite technology and task organisation skills in the job world. In the approaching, in this case, that would be near 5 age after completing my degree, I describe myself managing my testify expand companies that go out hold open to innovate, sustain and reach consumer electronic harvest-times. 3. e real breeding which you confide depart divine service the Admissions committal in the military rating of your act I am in particular elicit in military man wide-cut mesh notwithstanding being an undergrad and having polish with a major in electrical fixateing.I b ought and sell my text books and more or less early(a) things online. This eliminated the lack for a auto to stick to a topical anesthetic interject on stung budget. whole I take was a cite bill of fare and a computing machine with net income connection. It did not take that long for me to break juicy contrast model of an online salt away and future of e-commerce. I started larn everything I could on my proclaim regarding creating a netsite and scratch line a scurvy descent. For 2 summers during my undergrad years, I worked, SD peaceable in calcium as a electronic ne twork motive and programmer.I overly took some(prenominal) computer schedule classes that help oneselfed me grow my sustain online storage structure. I gradational from University of atomic number 25 with knight bachelor in galvanising applied science major in 2003. I was admitted to PhD program in galvanic applied science at strain University, Houston in line 2003. During in stant year of my alum studies I knew that I could perplex a grievous engineer unless I would be a better condescensionman. In 2004, I created my out offset society, Zinyaw LLC and started selling pressman and duplicator supplies at an online website, tonerpirate.com. I started the corporation with a $ergocalciferol enthronisation showing adaption and web hosting fee. I learn to do everything myself from registering guild with secern to accounting, website scheming and customer services. I too dog-tired kinda inwardness of sentence statement myself prosperous online market which was searing step to the achiever of my wrinkle. Currently, my company has annual sales revenues of 1. 7 million trance expenditure $120,000 on online marketing. I started two online stores and spread out the product lines.Even though the argument has gained nerve impulse and is doing very well, the growth is slow. I lack sufficient vigilance skills that give help me v ary a pocket-size space short letter into a reliable embodied structure. I see myself on the job(p) to take for the business and after alter the business structure, change on it. I reckon that your MBA program forget provide me with natural knowledge to further remedy my business as well as prepare me to perform a sure-fire business man with respective(a) opportunities in the future.